Question

Which one of the following theories states that emotion occurs as a result of physical arousal and labeling of the arousal based on cues from the surrounding environment?

• A. Ekman-Friesen theory
• B. Schachter-Singer theory
• C. James-Lange theory
• D. Cannon-Bard theory

Hint:

The \textbf{Schachter-Singer (two-factor) theory} = Physical arousal + Cognitive labeling = Emotion.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Recall Schachter-Singer theory (two-factor theory).
This theory proposes that emotions are produced by two components: (i) physiological arousal, and (ii) cognitive labeling of that arousal based on environmental context.

Step 2: Differentiate from other theories.
- The James-Lange theory suggests emotions arise from perception of physiological changes alone (e.g., "I feel afraid because I tremble").
- The Cannon-Bard theory states arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously and independently.
- The Ekman-Friesen theory relates to universal facial expressions of emotions, not arousal labeling.

Step 3: Match with the question.
The question clearly matches Schachter-Singer theory since it emphasizes arousal {plus} labeling based on environmental cues.