Question

Which one of the following is {not a factor influencing the formation of stereotypes?}

• A. Ignorance
• B. Bitter experience
• C. Failure
• D. None of these

Hint:

When asked “not a factor,” check if all listed items plausibly cause the phenomenon → choose None of these.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Stereotypes often arise from limited information/ignorance, salient negative experiences (availability bias), and ego-defensive attributions after failure (“they” are to blame). Since each listed factor can foster stereotyping, {none} of them is a “non-factor.” Hence (D). \[ \boxed{\text{All (A)–(C) can promote stereotypes; answer (D).}} \]