Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. It involves several stages:
Pioneer species are the first to colonize a barren environment.
Seral communities are the intermediate stages of succession.
Primary succession is the entire process starting from a barren site.
A climax community is the final, stable, and mature stage of succession. It is in equilibrium with its environment and has a high level of species diversity and biomass. By definition, it is considered the endpoint of succession and does not undergo further directional evolution.