Which one of the following are analogous structures?
Show Hint
Analogous structures are structures in different organisms that serve the same purpose but have a different structural plan and no evolutionary relationship.
- Wings of bat and wings of pigeon
- Gills of prawn and lungs of man
Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita
- Flippers of dolphin and legs of horse
The Correct Option is B
Approach Solution - 1
The organs with similar functions but different in structural details and origin are known as analogous organs.
- The wings of bats are analogous to the wings of pigeons. This is because the basic structure of mammalian wings is different from the wings of the bird but has similar functions.
- Similarly, the gills of prawns and the lungs of man, both are respiratory organs yet they have very different basic structures.
Hence, option B) Gills of prawn and lungs of man is the correct answer.
Approach Solution -2
Analogous organs are organs performing similar functions but having different structural designs, not inherited from a common ancestor.
- They are a result of convergent evolution, meaning different organisms evolved with different structures to adapt to similar environments.
- For example, the wings of birds and insects evolved independently but both support powered flight.
Homologous organs have similar structures as they are inherited from a common ancestor. For example, the forelimbs of vertebrates like humans, cats, whales, and bats have similar structures, reflecting their common ancestry.
Therefore, Gills of prawn and lungs of man are analogous structures.
Approach Solution -3
Analogous structures have different origins or structures but function the same way
- Convergent evolution is the independent of similar features in species with different lineages.
- It forms analogous structures.
- The lungs of Man and Gills of Prawn can exhibit analogous structures.
So, the correct answer is 'Lungs of Man and Gills of Prawn'.
Top Questions on evolution
- How does the process of Natural Selection affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Explain with the help of graphs.
- (a) “The process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starts from a point and literally radiates to other geographical areas.” Explain it with an example.
(b) Cite an example where more than one adaptive radiation has occurred in an isolated geographical area. Name the type of evolution your example depicts. - (a) "The process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starts from a point and literally radiates to other geographical areas." Explain it with an example.
(b) Cite an example where more than one adaptive radiation has occurred in an isolated geographical area. Name the type of evolution your example depicts. - A few stages and their respective time period in the evolutionary history of human beings are mentioned in the flowchart given below:
- 15 mya — Primates walking like gorillas and chimpanzees existed.
- 3–4 mya — Man-like primates walked in Eastern Africa. Fossils of their bones were discovered.
- 2 mya — This ancestor lived in the East African grasslands and ate fruits.
- 1.5 mya — This hominid had a brain size of 900 cc and probably ate meat.
- [(a)] Name one primate about 15 mya.
- [(b)] Name one place where fossils of primates were discovered in Eastern Africa.
- [(c)] Name the ancestor that lived in the East African grasslands about 2 mya.
- [(d)] Name the hominid that was found around 1.5 mya.
The given graph shows the range of variation among population members, for a trait determined by multiple genes. If this population is subjected to disruptive selection for several generations, which of the following distributions is most likely to result?
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E. Ni(PPh$_3$)$_4$
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Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): A typical unfertilized, angiosperm embryo sac at maturity is 8-nucleate and 7-celled.
Reason (R): The egg apparatus has 2 polar nuclei.In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
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Concepts Used:
Evolution
Evolution is a process that occurs in changes in the genetic content of a population over time. Evolutionary change is generally classified into two: microevolution and macroevolution. The process of changes in allele frequencies in a population over time is a microevolutionary process. Three main mechanisms that cause allele frequency change are natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. On the other hand, macroevolution refers to change at or above the level of the species.