Question:

Which one is a broad spectrum antibiotic ?

Updated On: Aug 1, 2023

Chloramphenicol
Plasmoquin
Xylocane
Antiseptic

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The range of bacteria or other microorganisms that are affected by a certain antibiotic is expressed as its spectrum of action. Antibiotics which kill or inhibit a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are said to be broad spectrum antibiotics. Those effective mainly against Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria are narrow spectrum antibiotics. If effective against a single organism or disease, they are referred to as limited spectrum antibiotics. Chloramphenicol, Vancomycin and ofloxacin are important broad spectrum antibiotics.

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Ans: Broad spectrum antibiotics are the antibiotics that are effective across a wide range of bacteria. They include both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. They will target and kill a wide range of bacteria, therefore more useful. They are not specific to a certain bacteria but cover a wide variety of bacterias. All the bacteria have different types of cell wall and their composition, but these antibiotics are effective for both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic. It is effective for a wide variety of bacteria. It was first discovered in 1947. The main mechanism of the antibiotic is by inhibiting the synthesis of proteins. The main target of chloramphenicol is the 50S ribosomal subunit. As proteins are an essential part for the growth of bacteria, inhibiting them kills the bacteria. Chloramphenicol is used for the treatment of various infections. Some of them are as follows:

Respiratory tract infection
Skin and tissue infection
Urinary tract infection
Meningitis
Chloramphenicol has side effects that can lead to aplastic anemia, therefore not commonly used. The proper use and appropriate dosing of chloramphenicol are crucial to minimize the risk of side effects and antibiotic resistance.

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Notes on Chemistry in Everyday Life

Concepts Used:

Chemistry in Everyday Life

The scientific study of matter’s properties and behaviour is known as chemistry. It is a natural science that studies the elements that makeup matter, as well as the compounds, made up of atoms, molecules, and ions: their composition, structure, qualities, and behaviour, as well as the changes that occur when they mix with other things.

Importance of Chemistry in Food - Chemicals are the fundamental components of everything. Chemical molecules make up all food, including carbs, vitamins, lipids, proteins, and fibre, which are all safe and often desirable.
Importance of Chemistry in Medicines - Medicines or pharmaceuticals are chemical substances that are used to treat diseases and relieve pain. Chemistry has made significant contributions to health care. Chemistry, for example, aids in the manufacture and application of surgical materials.
Importance of Chemistry in Cosmetics - In our daily lives, we use lotions, fragrances, talcum powder, and a variety of other cosmetic goods. All of these items are developed in laboratories using chemicals for our health and skin.
Importance of Chemistry in Soaps and Detergents - Soaps are sodium and potassium salts of fatty acids with greater molecular weights, such as stearic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid. Sodium salts of long-chain alkyl hydrogen sulphates or sodium salts of long-chain alkyl benzene sulphonic acids are commonly used as detergents.