Question:

Which of the following technique is used for the separation of DNA fragments ?

Updated On: Aug 7, 2023

Gel electrophoresis
Chromatography
Transformation
Transduction

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Answer (a) Gel electrophoresis

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Ans. DNA fragments are produced when restriction endonucleases cleave DNA. Gel electrophoresis is a method that may be used to separate these fragments.

Recombinant DNA (or rDNA) is created by mixing DNA from two or more sources, which frequently entails combining DNA from several animals.
Gel electrophoresis relies on the capacity to cut and reconnect DNA molecules at locations designated by certain collections of nucleotide bases known as restriction sites.
Here, restriction enzymes (also known as restriction endonucleases) are used to cut DNA fragments out of their regular positions in the chromosome, and ligases are then used to insert the pieces into other chromosomes or DNA molecules.
Using rDNA technology, the gene and the plasmid are removed from the cells.
DNA fragments can be separated using the agarose gel electrophoresis method.
Gel electrophoresis is a method for separating DNA fragments based on their size.
DNA samples are put into wells (indentations) at one end of a gel, and an electric current is then applied to draw them.
DNA fragments migrate in the direction of the positive electrode because they are negatively charged, as is well known.
As a result, when an external source of electric charge is present, DNA fragments are separated according to their size.

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Notes on Biotechnology

Concepts Used:

Biotechnology

Biotechnology is a vast field of biology that involves the creation, production, and modification of useful products for human welfare using both the technology and the execution of living organisms and their components. An agricultural engineer, Karoly Ereky, coined the word "biotechnology" in 1919, achieving him the title of "Father of Biotechnology."

Principles of Biotechnology:

Among many, the two core techniques that entitled the birth of modern biotechnology are :

Genetic Engineering is one of the methods of direct modifications of an organism's genome (i.e., DNA and RNA). It requires the introduction of new genes into host species to escalate function or trait, hence altering the host organism's phenotype.
Bioprocess Engineering is one of the methods of maintaining sterile conditions to facilitate the growth of large quantities of desired microbes and other eukaryotic cells for the development of new or modified biotechnological products such as enzymes, vaccines, antibiotics, and other biotechnological products.