Question

Which of the following studies are observational?
1. Case-control study
2. Cohort study
3. Randomised Controlled Trial
4. Non-randomised Trial

• A. (A), (C) and (D) only.
• B. (A), (B) and (C) only.
• C. (A) and (B) only.
• D. (A), (B) and (D) only.

Hint:

Observational studies are ideal for exploring associations where intervention is not feasible or ethical.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but simply observes and analyzes data.

• Case-control study: A retrospective study comparing individuals with a specific condition (cases) to those without it (controls).
• Cohort study: A longitudinal study observing a group (cohort) over time to assess the development of outcomes based on exposures.
• Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT): This is an interventional study where participants are randomly assigned to groups.
• Non-randomised Trial: Though it lacks randomization, it involves intervention, making it non-observational.

Thus, the correct answer is (A) and (B) only.