Question:
Which of the following steps are catalysed by Taq polymerase in a $PCR$ reaction?
Which of the following steps are catalysed by Taq polymerase in a $PCR$ reaction?
Updated On: Jul 7, 2022
- Denaturation of template $DNA$
- Annealing of primers to template $DNA$
- Extension of primer end on the template $DNA$
- All of the above
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
The final step of $PCR$ is extension, wherein Tag $DNA$ polymerase (isolated from a thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus) synthesises the $DNA$ region between the primers, using $dNTPs$ (deoxynudeoside triphosphates) and $Mg^{2+}$.
The primers are extended towards each other so that the $DNA$ segment lying between the two primers is copied. The optimum temperature for this polymerisation step is $72^?C$. Taq polymerase remains active during high temperature induced denaturation of double stranded $DNA$.
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Concepts Used:
Biotechnology
Biotechnology is a vast field of biology that involves the creation, production, and modification of useful products for human welfare using both the technology and the execution of living organisms and their components. An agricultural engineer, Karoly Ereky, coined the word "biotechnology" in 1919, achieving him the title of "Father of Biotechnology."
Principles of Biotechnology:
Among many, the two core techniques that entitled the birth of modern biotechnology are :
- Genetic Engineering is one of the methods of direct modifications of an organism's genome (i.e., DNA and RNA). It requires the introduction of new genes into host species to escalate function or trait, hence altering the host organism's phenotype.
- Bioprocess Engineering is one of the methods of maintaining sterile conditions to facilitate the growth of large quantities of desired microbes and other eukaryotic cells for the development of new or modified biotechnological products such as enzymes, vaccines, antibiotics, and other biotechnological products.