Question:

Which of the following statements about enzymes are true?

Updated On: Apr 20, 2024

Enzymes catalyse chemical reactions by increasing the activation energy
Enzymes are highly specific both in binding chiral substrates and in catalysing their reactions
Enzymes lack in nucleophilic groups
Pepsin is proteolytic enzyme

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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

The correct answer is A:Enzymes catalyse chemical reactions by increasing the activation energy
a) Enzymes facilitate a chemical reaction by stabilizing the transition state, effectively reducing the energy required for activation.
b) Enzymes exhibit remarkable specificity when it comes to binding chiral substrates and catalyzing their respective reactions.
c) Enzymes are composed of protein molecules containing numerous functional groups such as \(OH^-\) and \(^-NH_2\), which can serve as nucleophiles.
d) Pepsin is an enzyme responsible for breaking down proteins through proteolysis.

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Concepts Used:

Biomolecules

Biomolecules are the most essential organic molecules, which are involved in the maintenance and metabolic processes of living organisms. These non-living molecules are the actual foot-soldiers of the battle of sustenance of life.

There are four major classes of Biomolecules – Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic acids and Lipids.

Carbohydrates are chemically defined as polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or compounds which produce them on hydrolysis.
Proteins are another class of indispensable biomolecules, which make up around 50per cent of the cellular dry weight. Proteins are polymers of amino acids arranged in the form of polypeptide chains. The structure of proteins is classified as primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary in some cases.
Nucleic acids refer to the genetic material found in the cell that carries all the hereditary information from parents to progeny. There are two types of nucleic acids namely, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The main function of nucleic acid is the transfer of genetic information and synthesis of proteins by processes known as translation and transcription.
Lipids are organic substances that are insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents, are related to fatty acids and are utilized by the living cell.