Question

Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE for a package of gamma-irradiated (7.5 kGy) whole chicken?

• A. Nutritional quality of the product deteriorates after irradiation.
• B. Spores of C. botulinum can survive in the irradiated product.
• C. ‘Radura’ symbol does not ensure safety of the irradiated product for consumption.
• D. Energy needed for the irradiation process is much higher than that required for freezing of the product.

Hint:

Irradiation improves microbial safety but is not effective against all spores; nutritional losses are minimal at permitted doses. The Radura symbol is only an identification mark.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B, C

Step 1: Nutritional quality.
Gamma irradiation up to 7.5 kGy does not significantly deteriorate nutritional quality. Hence (A) is incorrect.


Step 2: Microbial spores.
Spores of \textit{Clostridium botulinum} are highly resistant to irradiation. They can survive typical doses used for poultry. So (B) is correct.


Step 3: ‘Radura’ symbol.
The ‘Radura’ symbol indicates that the product has been irradiated but does not automatically ensure safety. Other hygienic practices are required. So (C) is correct.


Step 4: Energy requirement.
Irradiation requires higher energy than freezing because ionizing radiation involves special equipment and energy-intensive sources. So (D) is correct.
Final Answer:
\[ \boxed{\text{(B), (C), and (D)}} \]