Which of the following represents the correct IUPAC name for the compounds concerned?
(a) 2,2 Dimethylpentane or 2-Dimethylpentane
(b) 2,4,7-Trimethyloctane or 2,5,7-Trimethyloctane
(c) 2-Chloro-4 methylpentane or 4-Chloro-2-methylpentane
(d) But-3-yn-1-ol or But-4-ol-1-yne.
(a) 2,2 Dimethylpentane or 2-Dimethylpentane
(b) 2,4,7-Trimethyloctane or 2,5,7-Trimethyloctane
(c) 2-Chloro-4 methylpentane or 4-Chloro-2-methylpentane
(d) But-3-yn-1-ol or But-4-ol-1-yne.
Solution and Explanation
(a) The prefix in the IUPAC name indicates that two identical substituent groups are present in the parent chain. Since two methyl groups are present in the C-2 of the parent chain of the given compound, the correct IPUAC name of the given compound is 2, 2-dimethylpentane.
(b) Locant number 2, 4, 7 is lower than 2, 5, 7. Hence, the IUPAC name of the given compound is 2, 4, 7- trimethyloctane.
(c) If the substituents are present in the equivalent position of the parent chain, then the lower number is given to the one that comes first in the name according to the alphabetical order. Hence, the correct IUPAC name of the given compound is 2-chloro-4-methylpentane.
(d) Two functional groups - alcoholic and alkyne - are present in the given compound. The principal functional group is the alcoholic group. Hence, the parent chain will be suffixed with ol. The alkyne group is present in the C-3 of the parent chain. Hence, the correct IUPAC name of the given compound is But-3-yn-1-ol.
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Concepts Used:
Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques - Reaction Mechanism
SN1 Reaction Mechanism:
SN1 reaction mechanism takes place by following three steps –
- Formation of carbocation
- Attack of nucleophile
- Deprotonation
SN2 Reaction Mechanism:
The SN2 reaction mechanism involves the nucleophilic substitution reaction of the leaving group (which generally consists of halide groups or other electron-withdrawing groups) with a nucleophile in a given organic compound.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction Mechanism:
The mechanism of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction contains three main components which are:
- A new sigma bond from C=C is formed during the reaction in the arene nucleophile.
- Due to the breaking of the C-H sigma bond, a proton is removed.
- The C=C bond is reformed and it restores the aromaticity of the compound.
Electrophilic Substitution Reaction Mechanism:
The electrophilic substitution reaction mechanism is composed of three steps, which will be discussed more below.
- Electrophile Generation
- Carbocation Formation
- Proton Removal