Rice tungro disease is a significant viral disease affecting rice crops in Asia. It is caused by a combination of two viruses: Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). The green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens, is the primary vector transmitting these viruses. The insect acquires the virus by feeding on infected plants and then transmits it to healthy plants during subsequent feedings.