Question:
Which of the following is obtained when formic acid is heated with conc. H$_2$SO$_4$?
Which of the following is obtained when formic acid is heated with conc. H$_2$SO$_4$?
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Formic acid is unique among carboxylic acids because it readily decomposes to CO in presence of conc. H$_2$SO$_4$.
Updated On: Oct 14, 2025
- CO$_2$
- CH$_3$HSO$_4$
- Oxalic acid
- CO
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Reaction principle.
Formic acid (HCOOH) on dehydration with concentrated sulfuric acid undergoes elimination of water to form carbon monoxide (CO).
Step 2: Reaction.
\[ HCOOH \xrightarrow{conc.\ H_2SO_4,\ \Delta} CO + H_2O \] Step 3: Analysis of options.
(A) CO$_2$: Produced when formic acid is heated alone, not with conc. H$_2$SO$_4$.
(B) CH$_3$HSO$_4$: Not formed in this reaction.
(C) Oxalic acid: Not formed here.
(D) CO: Correct, dehydration product.
Step 4: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (D) CO.
Formic acid (HCOOH) on dehydration with concentrated sulfuric acid undergoes elimination of water to form carbon monoxide (CO).
Step 2: Reaction.
\[ HCOOH \xrightarrow{conc.\ H_2SO_4,\ \Delta} CO + H_2O \] Step 3: Analysis of options.
(A) CO$_2$: Produced when formic acid is heated alone, not with conc. H$_2$SO$_4$.
(B) CH$_3$HSO$_4$: Not formed in this reaction.
(C) Oxalic acid: Not formed here.
(D) CO: Correct, dehydration product.
Step 4: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (D) CO.
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