Question

Which of the following is incorrect regarding oral contraceptives?

• A. These are small doses of progestogens or progestogen-estrogen combinations
• B. Inhibits ovulation and implantation
• C. They suppress sperm motility and its fertilizing capacity
• D. They may contain non-steroidal preparation with few side effects and high contraceptive value

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

In addressing the question of which statement is incorrect regarding oral contraceptives, we can examine each given option: 

1. Oral contraceptives indeed contain small doses of progestogens or a combination of progestogen and estrogen. This hormonal combination is a cornerstone of their function.
2. These contraceptives work primarily by inhibiting ovulation, thereby preventing the release of eggs from the ovaries, and they also make the uterine lining less suitable for implantation. Therefore, this statement is accurate.
3. The statement that is incorrect is that oral contraceptives "suppress sperm motility and its fertilizing capacity." Oral contraceptives do not primarily work by affecting sperm; instead, they primarily prevent ovulation and alter the cervical mucus and uterine lining.
4. Some oral contraceptives may include non-steroidal preparations, which are designed to have fewer side effects while maintaining high contraceptive efficacy. Hence, this statement is also valid.

Thus, the statement "They suppress sperm motility and its fertilizing capacity" is incorrect as it does not reflect the primary mechanism of action for oral contraceptives.

Answer 2

Oral contraceptives are medications used to prevent pregnancy, and they generally work by affecting hormone levels in the body. Here's the evaluation of each statement:

(1) These are small doses of progestogens or progestogen-estrogen combinations: This is correct. Oral contraceptives typically contain synthetic hormones like progestogens or a combination of progestogen and estrogen, which help prevent pregnancy.

(2) They inhibit ovulation and implantation: This is correct. Oral contraceptives work by inhibiting ovulation (the release of an egg) and making the uterine lining less receptive to implantation, thus preventing pregnancy.

(3) They suppress sperm motility and its fertilizing capacity: This is incorrect. Oral contraceptives do not directly affect sperm motility or its fertilizing capacity. Their main mechanism of action is preventing ovulation and implantation.

(4) They may contain non-steroidal preparation with few side effects and high contraceptive value: This is correct. Some newer oral contraceptives may contain non-steroidal preparations, which are designed to have fewer side effects while maintaining high contraceptive efficacy.

Thus, the incorrect statement is (3) They suppress sperm motility and its fertilizing capacity.