Which of the following is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction?
Show Hint
ELISA is a powerful tool in medical diagnostics for detecting diseases.
- PCR
- ELISA
- rDNA technology
- Gel Electrophoresis
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
The principle of antigen-antibody interaction is a fundamental concept in immunology and diagnostic techniques. Among the given options:
(A) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) - Incorrect: PCR is based on DNA amplification using primers and DNA polymerase, not antigen-antibody interactions.
(B) ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) - Correct: ELISA directly utilizes the specific binding between antigens and antibodies for detection, often with an enzyme-linked system for visualization.
(C) rDNA technology - Incorrect: Recombinant DNA technology involves gene manipulation using restriction enzymes and ligases, unrelated to antigen-antibody interactions.
(D) Gel Electrophoresis - Incorrect: This technique separates molecules based on size and charge using an electric field, not immunological reactions.
The correct answer is (B) ELISA, as it is specifically designed to exploit the high specificity of antigen-antibody binding for diagnostic purposes.
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- Immunity in our body is of two types: (i) Innate immunity and (ii) acquired immunity. Innate immunity is a non-specific defence mechanism, whereas acquired immunity is pathogen-specific; it is called specific immunity too. Acquired immunity is characterised by memory. Antibodies are specific to antigens and there are different types of antibodies produced in our body: they are IgA, IgE, IgG, IgC, and IgM. It shows primary response when it encounters the pathogen for the first time and secondary response during the subsequent encounters with the same antigen/pathogen. Name the two types of specialised cells which carry out the primary and secondary immune response.
- Immunity in our body is of two types: (i) Innate immunity and (ii) acquired immunity. Innate immunity is a non-specific defence mechanism, whereas acquired immunity is pathogen-specific; it is called specific immunity too. Acquired immunity is characterised by memory. Antibodies are specific to antigens and there are different types of antibodies produced in our body: they are IgA, IgE, IgG, IgC, and IgM. It shows primary response when it encounters the pathogen for the first time and secondary response during the subsequent encounters with the same antigen/pathogen.
(d) How is active immunity different from passive immunity?
- Immunity in our body is of two types: (i) Innate immunity and (ii) acquired immunity. Innate immunity is a non-specific defence mechanism, whereas acquired immunity is pathogen-specific; it is called specific immunity too. Acquired immunity is characterised by memory. Antibodies are specific to antigens and there are different types of antibodies produced in our body: they are IgA, IgE, IgG, IgC, and IgM. It shows primary response when it encounters the pathogen for the first time and secondary response during the subsequent encounters with the same antigen/pathogen.
Why is the antibody-mediated immunity also called humoral immune response?
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