Question:

Which of the following is a correct match regarding different types of amoebocytes present in the sponges and their respective functions?

Updated On: Aug 1, 2022
  • collencytes - provide food to developing cells
  • phagocytes - form sperms and ova during breeding season
  • thesocytes - store food granules
  • archaeocytes - secrete spongin fibres of mesenchyme layer
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

The bodywall of a common sponge consists of three layers pinacoderm, choanoderm and mesenchyme. The mesenchymal layer is found between pinacoderm and choanoderm. It contains amoebocytes (amoeba-like cells). Amoebocytes are modified into the following types - Archaeocytes may be converted into other types of cells and are also called undifferentiated "totipotent" cells. - Trophocytes provide food to developing cells and are called nurse cells. - Thesocytes store food granules. - Gland cells secrete a slimy substance. - Collencytes secrete spongin fibres of the mesohyl layer. - Scleroblasts secrete spicules. In calcareous sponges they are called calcoblasts. - Myocytes form a circular ring round the osculum and help in closing and opening of the osculum. - Germ cell (sex cells) form sperms and ova and develop during breeding season. - Chromocytes contain pigment granules and excretory substance. - Phagocytes collect food from choanocytes through their pseudopodia and also engulf excreta and damaged tissues.
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Concepts Used:

Classification of Animals

Classification of Animal Kingdom:

One of the most fundamental forms of classification of animals is the presence or absence of the notochord. Hence, two major groups exist, namely: Chordates and Non-chordates

Non-chordates and the Chordates-

  • The notochord is a flexible rod made out of a material similar to cartilage. If an animal has a notochord during any stage of its life, it is classified as a chordate. Contrary to popular belief, chordates do not exclusively include vertebrates.
  • There are invertebrates that possess a notochord during some point in their lives and hence, are classified as chordates. Thus all vertebrates are chordates but not all chordates are vertebrates.

Non-chordates-

  • Non-chordates are animals without a notochord – the rod-like elastic structure that supports the body. This phylum consists of a small group of worm-like, marine species with an organ-system level of organization.
  • Members of phylum Porifera, Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Aschelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata and Hemichordata fall under Non-chordates

Vertebrates Classification:

The subphylum Vertebrata is divided into five classes of vertebrates. These five classes of vertebrates comprise of all the species of animals and have developed vertebral column as well as an internal skeleton.

Other characteristic features of vertebrates are-

  • Presence of a true vertebral column and internal skeleton with muscle attachment points for body movement.
  • A front-side muscular heart with two, three or four chambers.
  • Kidneys for excretion and osmoregulation
  • A paired appendages which may be fins or limbs.
  • Possess notochord during the embryonic stage.
  • Vertebrates are the only chordates to possess a brain as a part of the central nervous system.

Classification of Vertebrates-

  • Pisces
  • Amphibia
  • Reptilia
  • Aves
  • Mammalia