Question:
Which of the following hormone is not produced by placenta ?
Which of the following hormone is not produced by placenta ?
Updated On: Jun 2, 2024
hCG
hPL
estrogen
androgens
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The Correct Option is D
Approach Solution - 1
Explanation: Among the hormones listed in the options, androgen (a group of male hormones) is the hormone that is produced by the ovaries in females in very minimal amounts, but it is not produced by the placenta.
Meanwhile, other hormones like HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), HPL (human placental lactogen), and estrogen are produced by the placenta.
Their roles in supporting pregnancy are as follows:
- HCG: HCG or Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin, has several functions, such as helping to maintain the corpus luteum in the early stages of pregnancy, preventing menstruation by helping in progesterone production, & supporting fetal development. HGC test is usually done to detect pregnancy.
- HPL: HPL or Human Placental Lactogen, helps to support pregnancy by, regulating maternal metabolism, stimulating the development of maternal breast tissue, redistributing nutrients from mother to fetus, decreasing maternal insulin sensitivity, and stimulating fetal growth.
- Estrogen: Estrogen is one of the major hormones that control menstrual cycle as well as pregnancy. During pregnancy, it supports uterine growth and its proper blood flow, helps to develop fetal organs, and prepares the birth canal during parturition. It also helps to develop breast tissues & maintains overall pregnancy.
So, the correct option is (D) : androgens.
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Approach Solution -2
The placenta is a specialized organ that forms in the uterus during pregnancy.It plays a crucial role in providing oxygen and nutrients to the developing embryo.
The placenta serves as an endocrine gland, secreting various hormones such as :
- Human chronic gonadotropin (hcG)
- Human placental lactogen (hPL)
- Estrogens
- Progestogens
Therefore, we can clearly see that androgens is not in the list.
So, the correct option is (D) : androgens.
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Concepts Used:
Human Reproduction
Reproduction in human beings involves the fusion of male and female gametes that produces in their reproductive system.
Male Reproductive System:
The male reproductive system comprises:
- Testicles (testes): A pair of oval-shaped organs masked in a pouch known as the scrotum. They manage the production of sperms and the male hormone testosterone.
- Scrotum: It is a sac-like organ that hangs under the penis and behind it. It is the house of the testes, or testicles, and maintains a temperature that is needed for the production of sperm by it.
- Vas deferens: The sperms produced in testes are stored in a tube known as the epididymis. Here the sperms get matured and pass to the urethra via the muscular tube known as vas deferens.
- Accessory glands: This includes three glands, namely the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and Cowper’s gland. The secretions from the mentioned three glands mix to form a fluid known as semen. Semen nourishes the sperm, raises the volume, and helps in lubrication.
- Penis: The penis is a cylindrical tube that serves as both an excretory organ, and a reproductive organ. It transfers sperms into the vagina during sexual intercourse.
Female Reproductive System:
The female reproductive system is active before, during, and after fertilization as well. It comprises the following parts:
- A pair of ovaries: A pair of ovaries produce and stores ovum in them. They also produce a female hormone known to be estrogen.
- Fallopian tubes (Oviducts): They are the area of fertilization. They connect both the ovaries with the uterus.
- Uterus: Uterus is the place of development for the embryo.
- Vagina: The part that connects the cervix to the external female body parts is called a vagina. It is the passage for the penis during coitus as well as a fetus during transfer.