Question

Which of the following factors is responsible for change in caste system?

• A. Industrialization
• B. Globalization
• C. Urbanization
• D. All of these

Hint:

Processes of modernization (like industrialization, urbanization, modern education, and globalization) are the primary drivers of change in traditional social structures like the caste system. When you see these options listed, "All of these" is often the correct choice.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify the major forces that have led to changes and a weakening of the traditional caste system in India.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The caste system, with its rigid hierarchy and rules, has been significantly impacted by modern socio-economic processes:
- (A) Industrialization: The growth of factories and industries created new job opportunities that were not based on caste. It promoted economic mobility based on skill rather than birth.
- (C) Urbanization: The migration of people to cities weakened caste ties. The anonymity of city life made it difficult to enforce caste norms regarding purity, pollution, and social interaction.
- (B) Globalization: The integration with the global economy and culture has introduced new values of individualism, meritocracy, and human rights, which challenge the hierarchical principles of the caste system. It has also created new economic opportunities outside the traditional caste framework.
All three factors have collectively contributed to the transformation of the caste system.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Industrialization, Globalization, and Urbanization are all significant factors responsible for changes in the caste system. Therefore, 'All of these' is the correct answer.