The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences. Factors such as mutation, genetic drift, migration, non-random mating, and natural selection can affect this equilibrium. However, adaptive diffusion, which refers to the spread of advantageous traits within a population, does not directly influence the equilibrium, as it is more related to natural selection and migration rather than the equilibrium conditions.