Question:
Which of the following cases established the principle of 'vicarious liability' of the State in India?
Which of the following cases established the principle of 'vicarious liability' of the State in India?
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Vidyawati (1962) is the landmark case that held the government liable for its employees' torts, rejecting the old 'sovereign immunity' excuse. It established the modern principle of state liability in India.
Updated On: Nov 18, 2025
- State of Rajasthan v. Vidyawati
- Kasturi Lal Ralia Ram Jain v. State of Uttar Pradesh
- Rudul Sah v. State of Bihar
- Nilabati Behera v. State of Orissa
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
The principle of the State's vicarious liability for the torts of its employees was firmly established in post-independence India by the Supreme Court in State of Rajasthan v. Vidyawati (1962). In this case, a government jeep driver negligently killed a person. The court rejected the old doctrine of sovereign immunity and held the state liable, stating that the state should be as much liable for torts committed by its employees in the course of their employment as any other employer. While the later case of Kasturi Lal seemingly revived the sovereign immunity defence, the trend since then has been to follow the liberal approach of Vidyawati.
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