Question

Which of the following arguments are correct about tribes in India?
(A) Adivasis were always the oppressed group, as they are now.
(B) Tribes were absorbed in Hindu society through Sanskritisation.
(C) Tribes occupied a special trade niche, trading forest produce, salt and elephants.
(D) Adivasis often exercised dominance over the plains people through their capacity to raid them.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. (A), (B) and (D) only
• B. (B), (C) and (D) only
• C. (A), (B), (C) and (D)
• D. (A), (C) and (D) only

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

The correct answer is Option 2. Here is the analysis of each argument:

Argument A: Incorrect. The statement that "Adivasis were always the oppressed group, as they are now" is not entirely accurate. Historically, the situation of Adivasis has changed over time. While it is true that Adivasis have faced significant oppression and exploitation in modern times, this does not mean they were always in such a position. For example, during certain periods in history, some Adivasi communities had more autonomy and control over their lands and resources. Therefore, this argument is too simplistic and ignores the historical variations in the status of Adivasis.

Argument B: Correct. Tribes were indeed absorbed into Hindu society through a process called Sanskritisation. This process, as described by M.N. Srinivas, involves lower castes or tribes adopting the customs, rituals, and ideologies of higher castes, particularly Brahmins, in order to elevate their social status. This has been a significant factor in the integration of tribal communities into the broader Hindu social structure.

Argument C: Correct. Tribes in India have historically occupied a special trade niche. They have been involved in trading forest produce, salt, and even elephants. This trade was an important part of their economic activities and interactions with other communities. For example, tribes in certain regions were known for their expertise in extracting and trading valuable forest resources.

Argument D: Correct. There have been instances where Adivasis exercised dominance over plains people through their capacity to raid them. This was particularly true in historical contexts where Adivasi communities had strong military capabilities and controlled strategic territories. Their ability to conduct raids gave them a certain degree of power and influence over neighboring plains populations.

In summary, the correct arguments about tribes in India are B, C, and D, making Option 2 the right choice.