Question

Which of the following Acts is popularly known as Umbrella Legislation?

• A. The Factories Act, 1948
• B. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
• C. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
• D. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

Hint:

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 serves as a framework law that unifies and supports all other environmental legislations in India.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the term “Umbrella Legislation.”
An “Umbrella Legislation” is a comprehensive law that provides a framework for regulating multiple environmental aspects and serves as a base for other environmental laws.
Step 2: About the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 was enacted after the Bhopal Gas Tragedy to provide a single, comprehensive legislation covering all forms of environmental pollution — air, water, and land. It grants the Central Government wide powers to set standards, monitor, and penalize violators.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Thus, the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is rightly known as the “Umbrella Legislation” in India.