Question

Which Fundamental Rights are available to all persons?
A. Protection in respect of conviction for offences (Article 20)
B. Protection of life and personal liberty (Article 21)
C. Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases (Article 22)
D. Freedom of religion (Article 25 - 28)
E. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste or place of birth (Article 15)

• A. Only B, C and D
• B. Only A, B and C
• C. Only B, C, D and E
• D. Only A, B, C and D

Hint:

To easily remember, memorize the five articles for citizens only: \textbf{15, 16, 19, 29, 30}.
If an article is not in this list, it is generally available to all.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
While all Fundamental Rights are available to Indian citizens, only some are extended to non-citizens (aliens), excluding enemy aliens.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Fundamental Rights available only to citizens (and NOT to foreigners) are:
- Article 15 (Prohibition of discrimination)
- Article 16 (Equality of opportunity in public employment)
- Article 19 (Six democratic freedoms)
- Article 29 (Protection of interests of minorities)
- Article 30 (Right of minorities to establish educational institutions)
The rights available to all persons (Citizens $+$ Foreigners) are:
- Article 14 (Equality before law)
- Article 20 (Protection in respect of conviction)
- Article 21 (Right to life and personal liberty)
- Article 22 (Protection against arrest and detention)
- Articles 23-24 (Right against exploitation)
- Articles 25-28 (Freedom of religion)
In the given question, Statement E (Article 15) is only for citizens. Thus, A, B, C, and D are the ones available to all persons.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct combination is Only A, B, C, and D.