Question

Which cells of islets of Langerhans produce the hormone insulin?

Hint:

The islets of Langerhans also contain: 
- Alpha cells, which secrete glucagon to raise blood glucose levels. 
- Delta cells, which release somatostatin, a hormone that modulates the secretion of both insulin and glucagon.

Answer 1

The islets of Langerhans are specialized clusters of endocrine cells within the pancreas that play a key role in regulating blood glucose levels. 
(i) Beta cells (\(\beta\)-cells) primarily produce and secrete insulin, a hormone essential for reducing blood sugar levels. 
(ii) Following a meal, as blood glucose levels increase, beta cells release insulin, which helps cells absorb glucose and stores surplus glucose as glycogen in the liver. 
(iii) Insufficient production or malfunctioning of beta cells can lead to diabetes mellitus, marked by elevated blood sugar levels.