Question

Which Article defines "State" for the purpose of Fundamental Rights?

• A. Article 12
• B. Article 13
• C. Article 14
• D. Article 32

Hint:

Remember: Article 12 defines "State", Article 13 defines "law" and invalidates laws inconsistent with Fundamental Rights.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the constitutional framework.
The Fundamental Rights (Part III of the Constitution) are enforceable against the "State". Therefore, before applying any fundamental right, we must know what entities fall under the definition of "State".
Step 2: Article 12 – The definition.
Article 12 explicitly defines the term "State" for the purpose of Part III. It includes:
- The Government and Parliament of India,
- The Government and Legislature of each State,
- All local authorities, and
- Other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Since Article 12 alone provides the definition of "State" for applying Fundamental Rights, the correct answer is Article 12.