Question

When religious identity overrides everything else, it leads to:

• A. Secularism
• B. Casteism
• C. Communalism
• D. Regionalism

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

When religious identity overrides everything else, the phenomenon is referred to as Communalism. This occurs when religion becomes the primary focus of identity and interaction, often leading to divisions and tensions between different religious communities within a society.

This concept is distinct from other sociological terms: 

• Secularism: Advocacy of a separation between religion and state affairs, promoting neutrality and equal treatment of all religions.
• Casteism: Referring to discrimination or prejudice based on caste, a hierarchical social stratification.
• Regionalism: A strong sense of regional identity and allegiance, typically prioritizing the interests of a particular region over the nation.

In contrast, communalism emphasizes religious divisions, which often result in societal conflict. Therefore, when religious identity is given primacy, the correct term for this situation is Communalism.

Answer 2

Communalism occurs when religious identity becomes the primary source of division and conflict in society, often leading to tensions between different religious groups. It can manifest in forms where the interests of one religious group are seen as being in conflict with those of other groups, often leading to social strife, violence, and discrimination.

• Secularism (A): Secularism advocates for the separation of religion from the state and public affairs, aiming to ensure that no religion is given preference over others.
• Casteism (B): Casteism is based on social stratification based on caste, which is a different kind of division compared to religious identity.
• Regionalism (D): Regionalism refers to the division of people along geographical or regional lines, not based on religion.

Thus, when religious identity overrides everything else, it leads to communalism.