Step 1: Arrival of Portuguese in India.
The Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in India by sea. Vasco da Gama reached Calicut in 1498, opening the direct sea route between Europe and India.
Step 2: Conquest of Goa.
In 1510, the Portuguese under Afonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate. This conquest gave the Portuguese a stronghold in India for trade and naval power.
Step 3: Analysis of options.
- (A) 1498: Vasco da Gama’s arrival, not Goa conquest.
- (B) 1509: Albuquerque became governor, but conquest of Goa happened in 1510.
- (C) 1510: Correct. Year of conquest of Goa.
- (D) 1526: Year of the Battle of Panipat, unrelated to Goa.
Step 4: Conclusion.
The Portuguese conquered Goa in 1510.