Step 1: Understand the term "Artificial Sweetener".
Artificial sweeteners, or sugar substitutes, are substances used to sweeten food and drinks instead of regular sugar (sucrose). People use them to reduce calorie intake, manage blood sugar levels (for diabetics), or prevent tooth decay.
Step 2: Identify Xylitol's category.
Xylitol is a type of carbohydrate known as a "sugar alcohol". Despite the name, it does not contain the type of alcohol found in drinks. It is found naturally in small amounts in many fruits and vegetables. Because it is commercially produced to be used as a sugar substitute, it falls under the broad category of artificial sweeteners. It is commonly used in sugar-free chewing gum, mints, candies, and oral care products like toothpaste.
Step 3: Analyze the options.
(A) A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides immunity to a disease. This is incorrect.
(B) An asteroid is a rocky object orbiting the Sun. This is incorrect.
(D) A missile is a weapon system. This is incorrect.
(C) An artificial sweetener perfectly describes the primary use and classification of Xylitol.