The statement that is true for plasmids is: (A) Plasmids are widely used in gene transfer. Plasmids are small, circular pieces of DNA that can be found in many types of cells, including bacteria. They are often used in genetic engineering and biotechnology for gene transfer and as vectors to introduce specific genes into host organisms. The other statements are not accurate: (B) Plasmids are not found in viruses. They are typically found in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotic cells. (C) While plasmids can contain genes that provide certain advantages to the host cell, they do not necessarily contain genes for all vital activities. (D) Plasmids are separate from the main chromosomal DNA in a cell and are not considered a main part of the chromosome.
The vector, shown in the figure, has promoter and RBS sequences in the 300 bp region between the restriction sites for enzymes X and Y. There are no other sites for X and Y in the vector. The promoter is directed towards the Y site. The insert containing only an ORF provides 3 fragments after digestion with both enzymes X and Y. The ORF is cloned in the correct orientation in the vector using the single restriction enzyme Y. The size of the largest fragment of the recombinant plasmid expressing the ORF upon digestion with enzyme X is ........... bp. (answer in integer)
Which of the following is/are CORRECT for the two molecules shown?
The current passing through the battery in the given circuit, is:
A bob of heavy mass \(m\) is suspended by a light string of length \(l\). The bob is given a horizontal velocity \(v_0\) as shown in figure. If the string gets slack at some point P making an angle \( \theta \) from the horizontal, the ratio of the speed \(v\) of the bob at point P to its initial speed \(v_0\) is :
A full wave rectifier circuit with diodes (\(D_1\)) and (\(D_2\)) is shown in the figure. If input supply voltage \(V_{in} = 220 \sin(100 \pi t)\) volt, then at \(t = 15\) msec:
Enzymes are proteins that help accelerate metabolism or the chemical reactions in our bodies. They build some substances and decompose others. All living creatures have enzymes.
Our bodies naturally build enzymes. But enzymes are also in mass produce products and food.
One of the most important roles of enzymes is to succor digestion. The process of turning the food that we eat into energy is called digestion. For instance, there are enzymes in our saliva, pancreas, stomach, and intestines. They decompose fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Enzymes make use of these nutrients for growth and cell repair.