Step 1: Identify the reactant, slaked lime. Slaked lime is calcium hydroxide, \(Ca(OH)_2\).
Step 2: Recall the reaction during whitewashing. Slaked lime reacts with carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) in the air.
Step 3: Write the balanced chemical equation. \[
Ca(OH)_2(aq) + CO_2(g) \rightarrow CaCO_3(s) + H_2O(l)
\]
Step 4: Identify the product formed. The product is calcium carbonate (\(CaCO_3\)), which forms the white coating.