Question

What is the primary function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

• A. Protein synthesis
• B. Energy production
• C. Genetic information storage
• D. Detoxification of harmful substances

Hint:

Mitochondria are critical for energy production in cells, as they produce ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for various cellular functions.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell because their primary function is the production of energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.
- Option (1) is incorrect: While mitochondria play a role in cellular metabolism, protein synthesis occurs primarily in ribosomes, not in mitochondria.
- Option (2) is correct: Mitochondria generate ATP, the cell’s main energy source, through the process of cellular respiration, which includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
- Option (3) is incorrect: Genetic information storage is the function of the nucleus, not the mitochondria. Mitochondria do contain their own DNA, but their main function is energy production, not genetic information storage.
- Option (4) is incorrect: Detoxification of harmful substances occurs mainly in the liver and in organelles such as the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, not the mitochondria.
Thus, the primary function of mitochondria is energy production.