Step 1: Understand carbon permits.
A carbon permit, under emissions trading schemes like the EU ETS, represents the right to emit one metric ton of carbon dioxide or equivalent greenhouse gases.
Step 2: Match with the options.
Option (C) correctly defines it as one metric ton.
Step 3: Eliminate distractors.
(A) Cubic meter - Volume, not standard.
(B) Quintal - Not used in carbon trading.
(D) Thousand metric tons - Too large.
(E) Million ounce - Incorrect unit and scale.
Therefore: The correct answer is (C). \[
\boxed{\text{C}}
\]