Question

What is Innate Immunity? Differentiate between active and passive immunity.

Hint:

{Active immunity → Body produces antibodies.
{Passive immunity → Ready-made antibodies are received from outside.

Answer 1

Concept: The immune system protects the body against pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other harmful microorganisms. Immunity can be classified into innate immunity and acquired immunity.
Step 1:Innate Immunity Innate immunity is the natural or inborn immunity present in an individual from birth. It provides the first line of defense against pathogens. Examples of innate immunity include:

• Physical barriers such as skin and mucous membranes
• Phagocytic cells that destroy pathogens
• Inflammatory responses

Step 2:Active Immunity Active immunity is developed when the body's immune system produces antibodies in response to an infection or vaccination.

• It develops after exposure to an antigen.
• The body produces antibodies and memory cells.
• It provides long-lasting protection.

Example: Immunity developed after vaccination.
Step 3:Passive Immunity Passive immunity occurs when ready-made antibodies are transferred from another source to an individual.

• It provides immediate protection.
• The body does not produce its own antibodies.
• Protection is usually short-lived.

Example: Antibodies transferred from mother to baby through placenta or breast milk.
Step 4:Difference between Active and Passive Immunity \begin{center \begin{tabular{|c|c|c| \hline Feature & Active Immunity & Passive Immunity
\hline Source of antibodies & Produced by the body & Received from another source
\hline Duration of protection & Long-lasting & Short-term
\hline Memory cells & Present & Absent
\hline Example & Vaccination & Maternal antibodies
\hline \end{tabular \end{center