Question

What do you understand by 'Stupa'? Write a note on the structure of Stupa.

Hint:

A simple diagram of a stupa can greatly enhance your answer. If you can't draw, make sure to describe the structure from the base upwards: Vedika and Torana, Medhi, Anda, Harmika, and finally the Chhatra. This logical flow shows a clear understanding.

Answer 1

A Stupa is a significant architectural structure in ancient India, primarily associated with Buddhism. It is a mound-like or hemispherical structure that serves as a repository for sacred relics, often containing the remains of Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, or revered monks. The Stupa is an important symbol in Buddhist culture and represents the enlightenment and teachings of Buddha. It is considered a place of worship, meditation, and a symbol of the Buddha's presence.

Structure of a Stupa:

• Base (Plinth): The base of the stupa is typically circular and forms the foundation of the entire structure. It represents the earth element and symbolizes the stability and immovability of the Buddha's teachings.
• Focal Point (Relic Chamber): At the center of the stupa is a small chamber that contains the sacred relics of the Buddha or other revered figures. The relics are usually kept inside a stone box or casket, which is placed within the core of the stupa. This is considered the most sacred part of the stupa.
• Dome (Anda): Above the relic chamber is the dome or Anda, a hemispherical structure that symbolizes the universe and represents the cosmic egg of creation. The dome symbolizes the world of Buddha and his teachings, which transcend earthly existence.
• Chatra (Umbrella): At the top of the stupa, there is usually a chatra, which is a series of umbrellas or a three-tiered structure. This represents the protection of the Buddha’s teachings. The umbrella also symbolizes the spiritual sovereignty of the Buddha and the protection of the relics within the stupa.
• Harmika: The harmika is a square railing or platform placed at the top of the stupa, just below the chatra. It is often seen as a symbolic representation of heaven or the abode of the gods. The harmika signifies the presence of divine protection and spiritual enlightenment.
• Toranas (Gateways): Many stupas, such as the famous Sanchi Stupa, have toranas or gateways at each of the cardinal directions. These gateways are richly decorated and often contain intricate carvings depicting events from the life of Buddha or important scenes from Buddhist teachings. The toranas symbolize the entry into the world of enlightenment and the teachings of Buddha.

Conclusion:

The stupa is not just a physical structure but also a symbol of enlightenment and spirituality in Buddhism. Its structure, from the base to the top, represents different aspects of the universe, creation, and the teachings of the Buddha. The relics contained within the stupa are highly sacred and serve as focal points for worship and meditation for followers of Buddhism.