What are hybridization states of each carbon atom in the following compounds?
\(CH_2=C=O,\, CH_3CH=CH_2\),\((CH_3)_2CO, \,CH_2=CHCN, \,C_6H_6.\)
\(CH_2=C=O,\, CH_3CH=CH_2\),\((CH_3)_2CO, \,CH_2=CHCN, \,C_6H_6.\)
Solution and Explanation
(i) 
C-1 is sp2 hybridised.
C-2 is sp hybridized.
(ii) 
C-1 is sp3 hybridised.
C-2 is sp2 hybridized.
C-3 is sp2 hybridised.
(iii) 
C-1 and C-3 are sp3 hybridized.
C-2 is sp2 hybridized.
(iv) 
C-1 is sp2 hybridised.
C-2 is sp2 hybridized.
C-3 is sp hybridized.
(v) C6H6
All the 6 carbon atoms in benzene are sp2 hybridized.
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Concepts Used:
Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques - Reaction Mechanism
SN1 Reaction Mechanism:
SN1 reaction mechanism takes place by following three steps –
- Formation of carbocation
- Attack of nucleophile
- Deprotonation
SN2 Reaction Mechanism:
The SN2 reaction mechanism involves the nucleophilic substitution reaction of the leaving group (which generally consists of halide groups or other electron-withdrawing groups) with a nucleophile in a given organic compound.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction Mechanism:
The mechanism of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction contains three main components which are:
- A new sigma bond from C=C is formed during the reaction in the arene nucleophile.
- Due to the breaking of the C-H sigma bond, a proton is removed.
- The C=C bond is reformed and it restores the aromaticity of the compound.
Electrophilic Substitution Reaction Mechanism:
The electrophilic substitution reaction mechanism is composed of three steps, which will be discussed more below.
- Electrophile Generation
- Carbocation Formation
- Proton Removal