Question

What are hormones? Give examples.

Hint:

Hormones are highly specific. Even though they circulate throughout the entire body via the blood, they only affect target cells that have the specific receptors designed to bind with that particular hormone.

Answer 1

Concept: Hormones are biological molecules that act as chemical messengers in the body. They are produced by endocrine glands and are secreted directly into the bloodstream to reach specific target organs or tissues to regulate various physiological processes.
Hormones are defined as non-nutrient chemicals produced in trace amounts that act as intercellular messengers. They control and coordinate functions such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and mood. Unlike enzymes, which are often used at the site of production, hormones usually act on sites far away from where they are secreted.
Hormones can be broadly classified based on their chemical nature: • Peptide/Protein Hormones: These consist of chains of amino acids. • Insulin: Produced by the pancreas; regulates blood glucose levels. • Glucagon: Also produced by the pancreas; raises blood sugar levels. • Steroid Hormones: Derived from cholesterol and are lipid-soluble. • Testosterone: Primary male sex hormone. • Estrogen/Progesterone: Primary female sex hormones. • Amino-acid Derivatives: Derived from single amino acids like tyrosine. • Epinephrine (Adrenaline): The "fight or flight" hormone produced by the adrenal medulla. • Thyroxine: Produced by the thyroid gland; regulates metabolism.