The prisoners in the concentration camps in World War-II had lost faith in the future. Being in the camp, I felt disgusted with the state of affairs and I forced my thoughts to turn to another subject. ”Suddenly, I saw myself standing on the platform of a well-lit, warm and pleasant lecture room. In front of me, the attentive audience were seated in comfortable upholstered seats. I saw myself giving a lecture on hope, optimism, and resilience under difficult circumstances.” Suddenly, all that oppressed me stopped giving me pain and distress. This practice was so impactful that I could succeed in rising above the situation and the sufferings of the moment.”
Just as individuals compare themselves with others in terms of similarities and differences with respect to what they have and what others have, individuals also compare the group they belong to with groups of which they are not a member. It has been found that groups are more likely to take extreme decisions than individuals alone. Suppose there is an employee who has been caught taking a bribe or engaging in some other unethical act. His/her colleagues are asked to decide what punishment he/she should be given. They may let him/her go scot-free or decide to terminate his/her services instead of imposing a punishment which may commensurate with the unethical act he/she had engaged in. Whatever the initial position in the group, this position becomes much stronger as a result of discussions and interaction in the group.
Modals, also known as modal verbs or modal auxiliaries, are a category of auxiliary verbs that express various shades of meaning, including possibility, necessity, ability, permission, obligation, and intention. They are used to modify the main verb in a sentence and provide additional information about the action or state.
Common modal verbs in English include "can," "could," "may," "might," "must," "shall," "should," "will," "would," "ought to," and "need to." These modals are followed by the base form of the main verb.
Modals are versatile and have different functions depending on the context in which they are used. For example:
Modals can also be used to express politeness, make requests, give orders, express certainty or uncertainty, speculate about the past, and more.
One notable feature of modals is that they do not take the -s or -es ending in the third-person singular form. They remain the same regardless of the subject.
Understanding modals is important for effective communication, as they allow for nuanced expression of various attitudes, obligations, permissions, and possibilities. By using modals appropriately, we can convey our intentions, obligations, and opinions in a precise and nuanced manner, adding depth and clarity to our language.