Comprehension
We call a man irrational when he acts in a passion, when he cuts off his nose to spite his face. He is irrational because he forgets that, by indulging the desire which he happensto feel moststrongly at the moment, he will thwart other desires which in the long run are more important to him. If men were rational, they would take a more correct view of their own interest than they do at present; and if all men acted from enlightened self-interest the world would be a paradise in comparison with whatit is. | do not maintain that there is nothing better than self-interest as a motive to action; but I do maintain that self-interest, like altruism, is better when it is enlightened than when it is unenlightened. In an ordered communityit is very rarely to a man's interest to do anything which is very harmful to others. The less rational a man is, the oftener he will fail to perceive how what injures others also injures him, because hatred or envy will blind him. Therefore, although I do not pretend that enlightened self-interest is the highest morality, I do maintain that, if it became common, it would make the world an immeasurably better place than it is. Rationality in practice may be defined as the habit of rememberingall our relevant desires, and not only the one which happens at the momentto be strongest. Like rationality in opinion, it is a matter of degree. Complete rationality is no doubt an unattainable ideal, but so long as we continue to classify some men as lunatics it is clear that we think some men morerational than others. I believe that all solid progress in the world consists of an increase in rationality, both practical and theoretical. To preach an altruistic morality appears to me somewhat useless, because it will appeal only to those who already have altruistic desires. But to preach rationality is some what different, since rationality helps us to realise our own desires on the whole, whatever they may be. A man is rational in proportion as his intelligence informs and controls his desires. I believe that the control of our acts by our intelligence is ultimately what is of most importance, and that alone will make social life remain possible as science increases the means at our disposal for injuring each other. Education, the press, politics, religion—in a word, all the great forces in the world—areat present on the sideofirrationality, they are in the hands of men who flatter King Demosin orderto lead him astray. The remedy doesnot lie in anything heroically cataclysmic, but in the efforts of individuals towards a more sane and balanced view of our relations to our neighbours and to the world. It is to intelligence, increasingly side-spread, that we must look for the solution of the ills from which our world is suffering.
Question: 1
What is the central idea of the passage ?
What is the central idea of the passage ?
Updated On: Oct 1, 2024
- The problems of the world can best be solved by rationality and enlightened self-interest.
- Altruism and rationality are the main indicators of intelligence.
- Altruism can makethis world a heaven.
- Man is absolutely irrational
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
As we can see, The passage discusses how people act irrationally, often motivated by immediate passions rather than long-term, enlightened self-interest. The writer says if people acted from rational self-interest, it would improve the world significantly.
The correct option is (A):The problems of the world can best be solved by rationality and enlightened self-interest.
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Question: 2
What is the author's attitude to modern development in science and communications ?
What is the author's attitude to modern development in science and communications ?
Updated On: Oct 1, 2024
- Cynical about their use.
- Sceptical about the uses theyare put to.
- One of cautious acceptance.
- One of concern about their harmful potential.
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
In the passage, The author expresses concern that the growing power of science and communications can increase the potential for harm, particularly if used irrationally.
The correct option is (D): One of concern about their harmful potential.
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Question: 3
Rationality, according to the passage means mainly
Rationality, according to the passage means mainly
Updated On: Oct 1, 2024
- Having regard for others.
- Intelligent control of one's desires.
- The ability to cultivate a balanced view of one's surroundings.
- Power to resist yielding to strong passions.
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
As we can see, the passage discusses on how irrationality often results from giving in to immediate passions or desires without considering the long-term consequences of that act.
The correct option is (D): Power to resist yielding to strong passions.
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Question: 4
The author feels that it is impractical to appeal to altruism because
The author feels that it is impractical to appeal to altruism because
Updated On: Oct 1, 2024
- Not all people are altruistic by nature.
- Altruism is weaker than rationality.
- Altruism is more refined than rationality.
- None of the above.
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
The author feels this way because in passage appealing to altruism is ineffective as it will only resonate with people who are already inclined to be altruistic.
The correct option is (A): Not all people are altruistic by nature.
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Question: 5
The King Demos'refers to
The King Demos'refers to
Updated On: Oct 1, 2024
- Populace
- Politician
- Scientist
- Despot
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
The Author refers King Demos to Despot because the author is condemning the forces that manipulate and control public opinion like a despot would.
The correct option is (D): Despot
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