Two sister species of bulbuls have non-overlapping distributions. One is distributed in India and the other in Sri Lanka. Which of the following modes of speciation is the most parsimonious explanation for this pattern?
Show Hint
- Allopatric speciation
- Sympatric speciation
- Parapatric speciation
- Peripatric speciation
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understand the concept of allopatric speciation.
Allopatric speciation occurs when a population is divided by a physical barrier (like a mountain, river, or ocean), leading to genetic divergence. In the case of the bulbuls, the populations are geographically isolated in India and Sri Lanka, creating the conditions for allopatric speciation.
Step 2: Consider other types of speciation.
- Sympatric speciation: Occurs when a species evolves into two without geographical isolation, typically due to ecological, behavioral, or temporal factors. This is not applicable to the given scenario.
- Parapatric speciation: Occurs when populations are partially separated but still have some contact, not applicable here.
- Peripatric speciation: A form of allopatric speciation where small populations at the edge of a species range evolve into new species. This is less likely to apply given the large geographical separation of the populations.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Thus, the most parsimonious explanation for this pattern is allopatric speciation.
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