Question

To perform agglutination, by what the specimens are to be treated before testing?

• A. Latex solution
• B. EDTA
• C. Concentrated HCl
• D. Sodium Chloride Solution

Hint:

Remember: Agglutination needs isotonic conditions – and NaCl solution is the most suitable.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Concept of agglutination.
Agglutination refers to the clumping of antigens when they react with specific antibodies. This principle is widely used in diagnostic immunology, such as blood grouping, Widal test, latex agglutination tests, etc.
Step 2: Role of ionic strength.
For agglutination reactions to occur properly, the antigen-antibody interaction must happen in an isotonic environment. Sodium chloride (NaCl) solution provides the required isotonic medium that maintains the shape of red blood cells and other antigens.
Step 3: Why not the other options?
- Latex solution (A): Used in specific latex agglutination tests, but not for preparing general specimens.
- EDTA (B): Prevents clotting and chelates calcium, but it is not required for agglutination testing.
- Concentrated HCl (C): This is corrosive and would destroy the specimen.
Step 4: Conclusion.
The correct medium for preparing specimens for agglutination reactions is sodium chloride solution.
Final Answer:
\[ \boxed{\text{The correct answer is (D) Sodium Chloride Solution.}} \]