Question

TMC cars has been undergoing some dramatic changes. Gone is the image of a company focused solely upon the US. Now, both the products and the workforce have begun to reflect the global nature of the company. The new works team is composed of people from all over the world. All of the mechanical engineers are the product of an in-house training scheme although, as yet, none of the engineers specializing in hydraulics has won the prestigious Order of Merit bestowed by the Mechanical Engineers Union. So far, only winners of the Order of Merit have gone on to become department heads.
If it is determined that all of the information provided by the passage is true, which of the following must also be true of the works team?

• A. All of the department heads have received the Order of Merit.
• B. All of the winners of the Order of Merit have received in-house training.
• C. None of the department heads who have specialized in hydraulics are the product of an in-house training scheme.
• D. None of the department heads are from the US.
• E. None of the non-US mechanical engineers who are the products of in-house training have the Order of Merit.

Hint:

In "Must Be True" questions, look for direct logical consequences or paraphrases of the given statements. Be wary of options that make assumptions or generalize beyond the scope of the text. The phrase "Only X are Y" translates to "If you are Y, then you must be X."

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This is a "Must Be True" question, which requires making a logical deduction based on the given premises. We must find the statement that is a necessary consequence of the information in the passage.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's break down the key premises from the passage:
- Premise 1: All mechanical engineers (MEs) come from in-house training.
- Premise 2: No hydraulics engineer has won the Order of Merit (OoM).
- Premise 3: Only winners of the OoM become department heads.
Now let's evaluate each option:
(A) All of the department heads have received the Order of Merit. Premise 3 states, "Only winners of the Order of Merit have gone on to become department heads." This is a conditional statement that can be rephrased as: "If someone is a department head, then they must be a winner of the Order of Merit." This is exactly what option (A) says. This statement must be true.
(B) All of the winners of the Order of Merit have received in-house training. We only know that MEs have received in-house training. We don't know if the OoM is exclusively awarded to MEs. Other types of employees might win it, and we don't know about their training. Therefore, this is not necessarily true.
(C) None of the department heads who have specialized in hydraulics are the product of an in-house training scheme. From Premise 2 and 3, we can deduce that there are no department heads who specialize in hydraulics (because none have won the OoM, which is a requirement). The statement is about a group of people that doesn't exist. This makes the statement vacuously true, which is logically complex. However, option (A) is a more direct and simple deduction.
(D) None of the department heads are from the US. The passage states the company is now global, not that it has no US employees or managers. This cannot be concluded.
(E) None of the non-US mechanical engineers who are the products of in-house training have the Order of Merit. The passage gives no information about the nationality of OoM winners. A non-US mechanical engineer could have won it. This is not necessarily true.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Option (A) is the most direct and certain logical deduction from the premises given in the passage. It is a simple rephrasing of the final sentence.