Comprehension
The spontaneous flow of the solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a pure solvent to a solution or from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution is called osmosis. The phenomenon of osmosis can be demonstrated by taking two eggs of the same size. In an egg, the membrane below the shell and around the egg material is semipermeable. The outer hard shell can be removed by putting the egg in dilute hydrochloric acid. After removing the hard shell, one egg is placed in distilled water and the other in a saturated salt solution. After some time, the egg placed in distilled water swells up while the egg placed in salt solution shrinks. The external pressure applied to stop the osmosis is termed as osmotic pressure (a colligative property). Reverse osmosis takes place when the applied external pressure becomes larger than the osmotic pressure.
Question: 1
Define reverse osmosis. Name one SPM which can be used in the process of reverse osmosis.
Define reverse osmosis. Name one SPM which can be used in the process of reverse osmosis.
Show Hint
Reverse osmosis is the process of forcing solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a concentrated solution to a diluted one, by applying pressure greater than the osmotic pressure. It’s widely used in water purification.
Updated On: Jul 11, 2025
Hide Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
Solution and Explanation
Reverse osmosis is a process in which solvent moves from a solution with higher concentration to a solution with lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane, but this process occurs when external pressure is applied that exceeds the osmotic pressure. This reverses the natural osmotic flow.
An example of a semi-permeable membrane (SPM) used in reverse osmosis is cellulose acetate.
Was this answer helpful?
0
0
Question: 2
What do you expect to happen when red blood corpuscles (RBC's) are placed in 0.5% NaCl solution?
What do you expect to happen when red blood corpuscles (RBC's) are placed in 0.5% NaCl solution?
Show Hint
Hypotonic solutions cause water to flow into RBCs by osmosis, leading to swelling and potential bursting (hemolysis).
Updated On: Jul 11, 2025
Hide Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
Solution and Explanation
When red blood cells (RBCs) are placed in a 0.5\% NaCl solution, which is hypotonic relative to the intracellular fluid, water will move into the RBCs due to osmosis. This causes the cells to swell as water enters. If too much water enters, the RBCs may burst, a process known as hemolysis.
Was this answer helpful?
0
0
Question: 3
Which one of the following will have higher osmotic pressure in 1 M KCl or 1 M urea solution? Justify your answer.
Which one of the following will have higher osmotic pressure in 1 M KCl or 1 M urea solution? Justify your answer.
Show Hint
Osmotic pressure depends on the number of particles in solution. Ionic compounds like KCl dissociate into more particles, increasing osmotic pressure compared to non-ionic compounds like urea.
Updated On: Jul 11, 2025
Hide Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
Solution and Explanation
Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to the number of solute particles in solution. Since KCl dissociates into two ions (K\(^+\) and Cl\(^-\)) in solution, a 1 M KCl solution will have a higher osmotic pressure than a 1 M urea solution, which does not dissociate into ions. Therefore, the 1 M KCl solution will have a higher osmotic pressure.
Was this answer helpful?
0
0
Question: 4
Why osmotic pressure is a colligative property?
Why osmotic pressure is a colligative property?
Show Hint
Osmotic pressure is a colligative property because it depends on the concentration of solute particles in a solution, not their chemical nature.
Updated On: Jul 11, 2025
Hide Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
Solution and Explanation
Osmotic pressure is a colligative property because it depends only on the number of solute particles in a solution, not on their nature or identity. The greater the number of solute particles, the higher the osmotic pressure, regardless of whether the solute is ionic or non-ionic.
Was this answer helpful?
0
0
Top Questions on Solutions
According to the generally accepted definition of the ideal solution there are equal interaction forces acting between molecules belonging to the same or different species. (This is equivalent to the statement that the activity of the components equals the concentration.) Strictly speaking, this concept is valid in ecological systems (isotopic mixtures of an element, hydrocarbons mixtures, etc.). It is still usual to talk about ideal solutions as limiting cases in reality since very dilute solutions behave ideally with respect to the solvent. This law is further supported by the fact that Raoult’s law empirically found for describing the behaviour of the solvent in dilute solutions can be deduced thermodynamically via the assumption of ideal behaviour of the solvent.
Answer the following questions:
(a) Give one example of miscible liquid pair which shows negative deviation from Raoult’s law. What is the reason for such deviation?
(b) (i) State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components.
OR
(ii) Raoult’s law is a special case of Henry’s law. Comment.
(c) Write two characteristics of an ideal solution.- A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol\(^{-1}\)) in water has a boiling point of 100.20°C. Calculate the freezing point of the same solution. Molal constants for water \(K_f\) and \(K_b\) are 1.86 K kg mol\(^{-1}\) and 0.512 K kg mol\(^{-1}\) respectively.
- Define Azeotrope. What type of Azeotrope is formed by negative deviation from Raoult's law? Give an example.
- Give reasons:
(a) Cooking is faster in a pressure cooker than in an open pan.
(b) On mixing liquid X and liquid Y, volume of the resulting solution decreases. What type of deviation from Raoult's law is shown by the resulting solution? What change in temperature would you observe after mixing liquids X and Y? - An unripe mango placed in a concentrated salt solution to prepare pickle, shrivels because __________
View More Questions
Questions Asked in CBSE CLASS XII exam
- The diagonals of a parallelogram are given by \( \mathbf{a} = 2 \hat{i} - \hat{j} + \hat{k} \) and \( \mathbf{b} = \hat{i} + 3 \hat{j} - \hat{k}\) . Find the area of the parallelogram.
“One of these days you’re going to talk yourself into a load of trouble,” her father said aggressively. What do you learn about Sophie’s father from these lines? (Going Places)
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Literature
- ‘But the game he is watching so intently is out of his reach.’ What are the factors that have made their game inaccessible to Saheb? (Lost Spring)
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Literature
- Kamala Das in ‘Keeping Quiet’ and Keats in ‘A Thing of Beauty’ depict nature as a source of inspiration and strength to man. Analyse both the poems in terms of the above perspective.
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Literature
- Two coils ‘1’ and ‘2’ are placed close to each other as shown in the figure. Find the direction of induced current in coil ‘1’ in each of the following situations, justifying your answers:
(a) Coil ‘2’ is moving towards coil ‘1’.
(b) Coil ‘2’ is moving away from coil ‘1’.
(c) The resistance connected with coil ‘2’ is increased keeping both the coils stationary.
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Electromagnetic induction
View More Questions