Comprehension
The spontaneous flow of the solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a pure solvent to a solution or from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution is called osmosis. The phenomenon of osmosis can be demonstrated by taking two eggs of the same size. In an egg, the membrane below the shell and around the egg material is semipermeable. The outer hard shell can be removed by putting the egg in dilute hydrochloric acid. After removing the hard shell, one egg is placed in distilled water and the other in a saturated salt solution. After some time, the egg placed in distilled water swells up while the egg placed in salt solution shrinks. The external pressure applied to stop the osmosis is termed as osmotic pressure (a colligative property). Reverse osmosis takes place when the applied external pressure becomes larger than the osmotic pressure.
Question: 1
Define reverse osmosis. Name one SPM which can be used in the process of reverse osmosis.
Define reverse osmosis. Name one SPM which can be used in the process of reverse osmosis.
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Reverse osmosis is the process of forcing solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a concentrated solution to a diluted one, by applying pressure greater than the osmotic pressure. It’s widely used in water purification.
Updated On: Jul 11, 2025
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Solution and Explanation
Reverse osmosis is a process in which solvent moves from a solution with higher concentration to a solution with lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane, but this process occurs when external pressure is applied that exceeds the osmotic pressure. This reverses the natural osmotic flow.
An example of a semi-permeable membrane (SPM) used in reverse osmosis is cellulose acetate.
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Question: 2
What do you expect to happen when red blood corpuscles (RBC's) are placed in 0.5% NaCl solution?
What do you expect to happen when red blood corpuscles (RBC's) are placed in 0.5% NaCl solution?
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Hypotonic solutions cause water to flow into RBCs by osmosis, leading to swelling and potential bursting (hemolysis).
Updated On: Jul 11, 2025
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Solution and Explanation
When red blood cells (RBCs) are placed in a 0.5\% NaCl solution, which is hypotonic relative to the intracellular fluid, water will move into the RBCs due to osmosis. This causes the cells to swell as water enters. If too much water enters, the RBCs may burst, a process known as hemolysis.
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Question: 3
Which one of the following will have higher osmotic pressure in 1 M KCl or 1 M urea solution? Justify your answer.
Which one of the following will have higher osmotic pressure in 1 M KCl or 1 M urea solution? Justify your answer.
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Osmotic pressure depends on the number of particles in solution. Ionic compounds like KCl dissociate into more particles, increasing osmotic pressure compared to non-ionic compounds like urea.
Updated On: Jul 11, 2025
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Solution and Explanation
Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to the number of solute particles in solution. Since KCl dissociates into two ions (K\(^+\) and Cl\(^-\)) in solution, a 1 M KCl solution will have a higher osmotic pressure than a 1 M urea solution, which does not dissociate into ions. Therefore, the 1 M KCl solution will have a higher osmotic pressure.
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Question: 4
Why osmotic pressure is a colligative property?
Why osmotic pressure is a colligative property?
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Osmotic pressure is a colligative property because it depends on the concentration of solute particles in a solution, not their chemical nature.
Updated On: Jul 11, 2025
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Solution and Explanation
Osmotic pressure is a colligative property because it depends only on the number of solute particles in a solution, not on their nature or identity. The greater the number of solute particles, the higher the osmotic pressure, regardless of whether the solute is ionic or non-ionic.
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