Question

The scientist’s findings were --- by new evidence, making the previous theories ---. 
 

• A. contradicted
• B. supported
• C. reinforced
• D. confirmed
• E. disproved

Hint:

When dealing with cause-and-effect structures (“making,” “therefore,” “as a result”), ensure both blanks maintain logical consistency — contradiction should lead to disproval.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A,

Step 1: Understanding the sentence. 
The phrase “making the previous theories…” indicates a cause-and-effect relationship — new evidence changed how earlier theories were viewed. The correct pair must show that the new evidence disagreed with or invalidated the old theories. 
Step 2: Evaluating each option. 
(A) contradicted — means to go against or oppose; fits perfectly since new evidence challenged the previous findings. 
(B) supported — means backed up; opposite of what’s implied. 
(C) reinforced — means strengthened; doesn’t fit the context. 
(D) confirmed — means verified; also opposite in meaning. 
(E) validated — means proven true; incorrect as per the contrast implied. 
(F) disproved — means shown to be false; aligns with what happens when evidence contradicts earlier theories. 
Step 3: Conclusion. 
The sentence should read: “The scientist’s findings were contradicted by new evidence, making the previous theories disproved.” This pair logically expresses how new information invalidated earlier ideas.