Question

Which of the following does not constitute accessory duct of female reproductive system?

• A. Fallopian tubes
• B. Uterus
• C. Cervix
• D. Vagina
• A. (A), (C) and (D) only
• B. (B), (D) and (E) only
• C. (A), (B) and (D) only
• D. (C), (D) and (E) only
• A. Cervix
• B. Ovary
• C. Uterus
• D. Fallopian tube
• A. The secretion of LH and FSH increases during the follicular phase.
• B. The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone.
• C. LH and FSH attain peak levels in the middle of the cycle.
• D. Maximum secretion of LH induces rupture of the Graafian follicle.
• A. (A) - (II), (B) - (IV), (C) - (III), (D) - (I)
• B. (A) - (III), (B) - (II), (C) - (I), (D) - (IV)
• C. (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (I)
• D. (A) - (II), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (III)

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

To determine which structure does not constitute an accessory duct of the female reproductive system, we should first understand what accessory ducts are. The accessory ducts in the female reproductive system are involved in the transport and support of the egg (ovum) and the subsequent fertilized egg (zygote). They play a crucial role in the reproductive process.

Let's evaluate each option: 

1. Fallopian tubes: These tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus and are the site where fertilization typically occurs. They are definitely accessory ducts as they transport the ovum from the ovary to the uterus.
2. Uterus: The primary function of the uterus is to house and nourish the developing fetus throughout pregnancy. It is a major organ of the female reproductive system but not considered an accessory duct because its primary role is not in the transport of gametes or embryos.
3. Cervix: This is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It acts as a passageway for sperm to enter the uterus and for menstrual fluid and babies to leave the uterus. It is considered part of the duct system.
4. Vagina: It serves as a canal that connects the external genitals to the cervix and uterus. It plays roles in sexual intercourse, childbirth, and menstruation, serving as a conduit or duct in these processes.

Based on this analysis, the Uterus is not considered an accessory duct of the female reproductive system because its primary function is to support fetal development rather than serve as a passageway for gametes or fertilized eggs. Therefore, the correct answer is Uterus.

Answer 2

The accessory ducts in the female reproductive system include the fallopian tubes, cervix, and vagina. These ducts are responsible for the transport and fertilization of the ovum and the passage of sperm to the site of fertilization.

• Fallopian tubes (1): These tubes are accessory ducts where fertilization occurs.
• Cervix (3): The cervix is the lower part of the uterus, acting as an accessory duct for the passage of sperm into the uterus.
• Vagina (4): The vagina serves as the passage for sperm to reach the uterus and also as the birth canal during delivery.

The uterus (2), however, is the organ where the fertilized egg implants and develops during pregnancy. It is not considered an accessory duct but is the main organ for gestation.

Answer 3

The female external genitalia refer to the structures that are part of the external reproductive anatomy. Let's examine the options provided:

1. Mons pubis: A fatty tissue layer covering the pubic bone, forming part of the external genitalia.
2. Hymen: A membrane partially covering the vaginal opening, classified as external genitalia.
3. Mammary ducts: Part of the breast tissue, involved in lactation, not considered external genitalia.
4. Clitoris: A small erectile organ, part of the external genitalia.
5. Cervix: The lower part of the uterus, located internally.

Based on this classification, the elements constituting the female external genitalia are:

• (A) Mons pubis
• (B) Hymen
• (D) Clitoris

Thus, the correct answer is: (A), (B) and (D) only.

Answer 4

The female external genitalia are the structures located outside the female body that are involved in sexual function.

• (A) Mons pubis: The mons pubis is the fatty tissue located above the pubic bone, covered by pubic hair, and is considered part of the external genitalia.
• (B) Hymen: The hymen is a membrane that partially covers the vaginal opening, often considered part of the external genitalia.
• (C) Mammary ducts: The mammary ducts are part of the internal female reproductive system, as they are involved in milk production in the breasts, not considered external genitalia.
• (D) Clitoris: The clitoris is part of the female external genitalia, involved in sexual pleasure.
• (E) Cervix: The cervix is part of the internal reproductive system and connects the uterus to the vagina, not considered external genitalia.

Answer 5

The correct answer is Ovary. To understand why the ovary is the organ where sperm is not transported at the time of coitus, let's explore the typical pathway of sperm in the female reproductive system during coitus: 

The sperm enters the female reproductive system and passes through the following organs:

• Cervix: This is the entry point of the uterus from the vagina. Sperm travels from the vagina into the cervix during coitus.
• Uterus: After passing through the cervix, sperm moves into the uterus, a muscular organ where implantation of the fertilized egg eventually occurs if fertilization is successful.
• Fallopian Tube: Finally, sperm travels through the uterus to the fallopian tube, where fertilization of the ovum typically occurs. This happens at the junction of the isthmus and ampulla of the fallopian tube.

During coitus, sperm does not travel to the ovary. The Ovary is the organ responsible for releasing the ovum during ovulation but is not part of the sperm's path. Thus, the ovary is correctly identified as the organ where sperm is not transported during coitus.

Answer 6

During coitus (sexual intercourse), sperm is deposited into the vagina, where it travels through the cervix into the uterus and then into the Fallopian tubes, where fertilization can occur if an ovum (egg) is present.

• The ovary is where eggs (ova) are produced and stored. However, the sperm does not get transported to the ovary during coitus. The ovary is not involved in sperm transportation; it is where the egg is released during ovulation.
• Cervix, uterus, and Fallopian tube all play a role in sperm transport during coitus, while the ovary does not.

Answer 7

The human menstrual cycle involves various hormonal changes and events. Here's a breakdown of the important phases and activities: 

• Follicular phase: At the beginning of this phase, low levels of estrogen and progesterone lead to the secretion of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus, which in turn stimulates the pituitary gland to release Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). This phase is characterized by the maturing of ovarian follicles secreted by FSH, and towards its end, LH and FSH levels increase—peaking around the middle of the cycle.
• Ovulation: Triggered by the peak of LH, ovulation is the release of a mature ovum from the dominant follicle. Maximum secretion of LH causes the Graafian follicle to rupture and release the egg.
• Luteal phase: Post ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum which secretes progesterone. This phase prepares the uterine lining for potential pregnancy.

Based on this information, the event that "the corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone" does not take place before ovulation. Instead, it occurs after ovulation during the luteal phase.

Option	Description
The secretion of LH and FSH increases during the follicular phase.	This occurs before ovulation.
The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone.	This occurs after ovulation.
LH and FSH attain peak levels in the middle of the cycle.	This marks the time of ovulation.
Maximum secretion of LH induces rupture of the Graafian follicle.	This occurs during ovulation.

Answer 8

• Before ovulation, the corpus luteum does not secrete progesterone. Instead, progesterone secretion begins after ovulation, following the formation of the corpus luteum from the ruptured Graafian follicle.
• During the follicular phase (before ovulation), estrogen is the predominant hormone, and LH and FSH levels increase as they stimulate the final maturation of the follicle.
• LH and FSH levels attain peak levels just before ovulation, leading to the rupture of the Graafian follicle, which releases the ovum.

Answer 9

The human menstrual cycle is divided into several distinct phases, each with specific biological characteristics and changes in hormone levels. To solve the matching problem, we will describe each phase and its associated days in the cycle. 

• Proliferative Phase: Occurs from the 5^th–13^th days. In this phase, the lining of the uterus (endometrium) regenerates and thickens following menstruation. Hormones such as estrogen are predominant, preparing the uterus for a potential pregnancy.
• Menstrual Phase: Occurs during the 1^st–5^th days. This phase marks the beginning of the cycle, where the lining of the uterus is shed, leading to menstrual bleeding.
• Secretory Phase: Lasts from the 15^th–28^th/29^th days. This phase is characterized by further thickening of the endometrium, driven by progesterone, making the uterine environment conducive for implantation.
• Ovulatory Phase: Takes place on the 14^th day. During this phase, the mature egg is released from the ovary in a process called ovulation, primarily influenced by the surge in luteinizing hormone (LH).

With this understanding, we can correctly match phases in List-I with the corresponding days in List-II:

(A) Proliferative phase	(IV) 5th–13th days
(B) Menstrual phase	(III) 1st–5th days
(C) Secretory phase	(II) 15th–28th/29th days
(D) Ovulatory phase	(I) 14th day

Thus, the correct answer is:

(A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (I)

Answer 10

• Proliferative phase (A) occurs from the 5th to 13th days of the menstrual cycle, during which the endometrial lining regenerates and thickens. This corresponds to (IV) in List-II.
• Menstrual phase (B) happens during the 1st to 5th days, where the uterine lining sheds if pregnancy does not occur. This corresponds to (III) in List-II.
• Secretory phase (C) occurs from the 15th to 28th or 29th days after ovulation, during which the endometrial lining becomes more glandular and prepares for implantation of a fertilized egg.This corresponds to (II) in List-II.
• Ovulatory phase (D) happens around the 14th day of the menstrual cycle, when ovulation occurs, releasing an egg from the follicle. This corresponds to (I) in List-II.