Comprehension
The questions are to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Choose the most appropriate response that accurately and completely answer the question.
If you have ever watched a Grand Prix, you may have asked yourself, ‘how do Formula One cars generate downforce ?’
Motorsports is all about speed. Being the fastest around will mean victory. But there is a limit to how fast one can travel on the ground without the car taking off. For attaining great speeds a car needs to remain firmly on the ground and have a good grip on the racing track. This means that all cars need to generate a downward force sufficient enough to keep them firmly on the ground for the speed that they intend to attain.
One way to remain on the ground at great speeds is to increase the weight of the car. But an increased weight will need more power to drive the car and make the handling of the car difficult. The alternative to this is to create the required force to stay grounded. Downforce can be generated from the air flowing around the car and will increase as the speed of the car increases.
The wings of an aeroplane help it to take off in the air at a specified speed. The same wing, if installed inverted on a car can make the car stay firmly on the ground. Just like in an aeroplane, as the speed of the car increases, the wings will press the car more firmly on the ground, thereby making handling of the car through twists and turns easier at high speed. This force that presses the car to the ground is called downforce.
Aerodynamic downforce plays an important role in the performance of Formula One cars, DTM, Indy cars and touring cars. Good grip on the racing track is equally important as the power generated by a racing car engine. Good ground adhesion gives the car stability and better cornering ability. Hence a racing car must generate a ground force equal to several times its weight.
Modern Formula One cars can generate as much as 5G downforce. That means, at full speed, the effective weight pressing down on the track will be 5 times the weight of the car. Almost all the surfaces of a Formula One car are engineered to produce downforce. The downforce by the front portion of the car has to be balanced by the downforce produced by the rear portion.
While the downforce on either side of the car can be balanced by symmetry, the downforce between the front and the rear cannot. This downforce has to be balanced by design. Most of the downforce in Formula One cars is produced by the wings and by diffusers. The downforce required by the car for ultimate performance will vary from track to track and on the conditions of the track.
While too much front downforce could lead to understeer, too much downforce generated by the rear portion could lead to oversteer. The balancing of the downforce between the front and the rear can be done by careful designing of the body parts of the car. The balancing act of the downforce also comes with an increased drag on the car.
Question: 1

Select the option that correctly sorts facts (F) and opinions (O).
  1. Grand Prix is worth watching.
  2. Formula One cars are beautifully designed unlike other types of cars.
  3. Symmetry is unable to address the downforce between the front and rear of a racing car.
  4. The weight of a racing car has to be far less than the ground force generated.

Updated On: Aug 4, 2024
  • F- (iii) & (iv); O- (i) & (ii)
  • F- (i), (ii) & (iii); O- (iv)
  • F- (ii) & (iii); O- (i) & (iv)
  • F- (iv); O- (i), (ii) & (iii)
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (A): F- (iii) & (iv); O- (i) & (ii).
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Question: 2

Select the idiomatic expression that addresses the given text, most appropriately.

Updated On: Aug 4, 2024
  • A vicious cycle
  • Two can play at the game
  • Dot the i’s and cross the t’s
  • The tip of the iceberg
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (C): Dot the i’s and cross the t’s.
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Question: 3

What type of text could the given piece, best be categorised under ?

Updated On: Aug 4, 2024
  • analytical
  • expository
  • descriptive
  • inspirational
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (B): expository.
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Question: 4

In the line, ‘The alternative to this is to create the required force to stay grounded.’ what is the nature of meaning for ‘staying grounded’, that the writer DOES NOT refer to ?

Updated On: Aug 4, 2024
  • metaphorical
  • exact
  • non-figurative
  • literal
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (A): metaphorical.
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Question: 5

Select the most appropriate option as a concluding remark for the given text.

Updated On: Aug 4, 2024
  • Racing regulations make it hard to gain an advantage over competitors.
  • The total aerodynamic package of the race car is emphasized now more than ever before.
  • We can understand the downforce concept both mathematically and logically.
  • Downforce ensures that cars are firmly planted on the road at speed.
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (B): The total aerodynamic package of the race car is emphasized now more than ever before.
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Question: 6

If the orientation of the wings in a Formula One car were reversed (and all other things remain equal), the effective weight pressing down on the track would be X times the weight of the car. X is

Updated On: Aug 4, 2024
  • = 1
  • > 1
  • < 1
  • Cannot be determined
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (C): < 1.
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Question: 7

A super car has a greater acceleration and top-speed compared to a Formula One car, but does not have wings that generate even half the downforce as compared to a Formula One car. The super car would still handily lose a race against a Formula one car. Which among the following statements is correct the race track ?

Updated On: Aug 4, 2024
  • The race track is straight.
  • The race track has at least a few turns.
  • The race track is made of soft, rubber-y surface.
  • The race track is made of asphalt.
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (B): The race track has at least a few turns..
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Question: 8

Without downforce-generating apparatus in a Formula One car, the drivers would ______ .

Updated On: Aug 4, 2024
  • A Formula One car without any apparatus affecting aerodynamics would act like an aeroplane
  • Need to slow their car down to make turns.
  • Need to gain a lot of weight (or add weight to the car) to keep the car on the ground.
  • All the above
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (D): All the above.
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Question: 9

Assume that an object enters into free-fall if the force attracting it towards the earth is less than the force pushing it away from the earth. Further assume that all objects on earth are pushed away from it with a force equal to 1G. A Formula One car, therefore, ______ ?

Updated On: Aug 4, 2024
  • Is in free-fall at all times during a race.
  • Is not in free-fall at any time during a race.
  • Is in free-fall at some (but not all) times during a race.
  • Cannot be determined.
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (A): Is in free-fall at all times during a race..
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Question: 10

Downforce generated by the wings of a Formula One car creates force towards the floor of the car thereby keeping the floor of the car closer to the surface it is being driven on. As mentioned in the passage, this downforce can be around 5 times the gravitational force exerted by the earth on the car. This implies that ______ .

Updated On: Aug 4, 2024
  • A Formula One car, if driven at a high enough speed, can drive upside-down in a tunnel (i.e., on the roof of the tunnel) without falling down.
  • A Formula One car cannot drive upside-down in a tunnel (i.e., on the roof of the tunnel) at all.
  • Gravity and downforce always act in the same direction.
  • Both (b) and (c)
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (A): A Formula One car, if driven at a high enough speed, can drive upside-down in a tunnel (i.e., on the roof of the tunnel) without falling down.
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Question: 11

In a race among ten drivers (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J, who started in this order, i.e. A started 1st and J started 10th), D, E and F made 2, 2, and 5 overtakes, respectively. No one else made any overtakes. What are the new respective positions

Updated On: Aug 4, 2024
  • 2nd, 3rd and 1st
  • 3rd, 2nd and 1st
  • 1st, 2nd and 3rd
  • Cannot be determined
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (D): Cannot be determined.
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Question: 12

How many overtakes does a person starting 10th in a race need to make to get to 1st position, assuming no other person makes any overtakes ?

Updated On: Aug 4, 2024
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 8
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is (A): 9.
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