Step 1: Understanding the Application of IPC.
The Indian Penal Code (IPC) extends its provisions to any person committing an offence within or outside India, subject to certain conditions. This includes citizens of India, people on Indian ships or aircraft, and even those committing crimes outside India but targeting India’s computer resources.
Step 2: Explanation of the options.
- (a) Any citizen of India in any place without and beyond India: The IPC applies to Indian citizens even if the offence is committed outside India.
- (b) Any person on any ship or aircraft registered in India wherever it may be: The IPC applies to persons on Indian-registered vessels and aircraft, regardless of location.
- (c) Any person in any place without and beyond India committing offence targeting a computer resource located in India: This applies to cybercrimes targeting Indian resources from abroad.
- (d) All of the above: This is the correct answer as all these situations fall under the jurisdiction of the IPC.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct answer is (d) All of the above.