Question

The process of removing 99% of the bacteria in milk by centrifugal force is known as -

• A. Standardization
• B. Regeneration
• C. Bactofugation
• D. Gravity separation

Hint:

Link keywords to processes: "Centrifuge + Bacteria" = Bactofugation; "Centrifuge + Fat" = Cream Separation; "Adjusting Fat %" = Standardization; "Heat Exchange" = Regeneration. Creating these mental links can help you answer questions quickly and accurately.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks for the name of a specific dairy processing technique that uses centrifugal force to physically remove bacteria from milk.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's define the terms in the options:
(A) Standardization: This is the process of adjusting the fat and/or solids-not-fat (SNF) content of milk to a desired, uniform level. It does not primarily aim to remove bacteria.
(B) Regeneration: This is a heat exchange process within a pasteurizer where the hot, pasteurized milk is used to pre-heat the incoming cold raw milk, thus saving energy. It is a thermal process, not a separation process.
(C) Bactofugation: This process uses a specially designed high-speed centrifuge, called a bactofuge, to separate bacteria and spores from milk. Bacteria and spores are denser than milk serum, so they are thrown outwards and removed as a sludge (bactofugate). The process is highly efficient and can remove over 99% of spores and a high percentage of bacteria.
(D) Gravity separation: This is an older, slower method of separating cream from milk based on the natural tendency of fat globules to rise to the surface. It is not effective for removing bacteria.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The process of using centrifugal force to remove bacteria from milk is called Bactofugation.