Step 1: Formula for polar section modulus.
The polar section modulus for a circular shaft is given by:
\[
Z_p = \frac{\pi d^3}{16}
\]
This formula is derived from the geometry of the circular shaft and is used in the calculation of torsional stress.
Step 2: Conclusion.
The polar section modulus for a circular shaft of diameter \( d \) is \( \frac{\pi d^3}{16} \).
Final Answer:
\[
\boxed{\frac{\pi d^3}{16}}
\]