Comprehension

The plots below depict and compare the average monthly incomes (in Rs. ’000) of males and females in ten cities of India in the years 2005 and 2015. The ten cities, marked A-J in the records, are of different population sizes. For a fair comparison, to adjust for inflation, incomes for both the periods are scaled to 2025 prices. Each red dot represents the average monthly income of females in a particular city in a particular year, while each blue dot represents the average monthly income of males in a particular city in a particular year. The gender gap for a city, for a particular year, is defined as the absolute value of the average monthly income of males, minus the average monthly income of females, in that year.

Question: 1

In which city did the gender gap, in terms of 2025 prices, change the least, from 2005 to 2015,in terms of percentage?

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In such problems, carefully analyze the movement of the dots for each city to find where the gender gap has changed the least or the most.
Updated On: Sep 4, 2025
  • J
  • E
  • C
  • D
  • I
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The Correct Option is

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Understand the concept of the gender gap.
The gender gap is defined as the absolute difference between the average monthly income of males and females in each city for the given years (2005 and 2015).
Step 2: Analyze the change in gender gap.
The change in the gender gap from 2005 to 2015 for each city can be determined by comparing the positions of the red and blue dots for each year.
Step 3: Identify the city where the gender gap changed the least.
By visually comparing the shifts in the gender gap for each city, we determine that the city with the least change in the gender gap is city I.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{(E) I}} \]
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Question: 2

Which of the following statements, about the average monthly incomes of the 10 cities, as represented in the plots, is DEFINITELY FALSE?

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When analyzing average monthly incomes, carefully check the data and scales used for comparison in different years and price adjustments.
Updated On: Sep 4, 2025
  • In terms of 2025 prices, the average gender gap of the 10 cities combined in 2015 was less compared to the average gender gap of the 10 cities combined in 2005.
  • In terms of 2025 prices, the average monthly income of men of the 10 cities combined was less than Rs. 30,000 in 2005.
  • In terms of 2025 prices, in more than half of the 10 cities, average monthly incomes of men were more in 2005, compared to 2015.
  • In terms of 2025 prices, the average monthly income of women of the 10 cities combined was less than Rs. 22,000 in 2015.
  • In terms of 2025 prices, the median monthly income of men of the 10 cities combined were higher than the median monthly income of women of the 10 cities combined, both in 2005 and 2015.
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Analyze the given statements.
Each statement must be checked using the plots that represent the monthly incomes of men and women for each city. The statements can be validated by visually inspecting the graphs.
Step 2: Determine the false statement.
Statement (B) is false because the data shows that the average monthly income of men in 2005 was higher than Rs. 30,000 in terms of 2025 prices.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{(B) In terms of 2025 prices, the average monthly income of men of the 10 cities combined was less than Rs. 30,000 in 2005.}} \]
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Question: 3

Rs.100 in 2025 is worth Rs. 60 in 2015 prices, and Rs. 25 in 2005 prices. Based on the given plots, which of the following statements, about the unscaled incomes, i.e., the incomes before scaling to 2025 prices, CANNOT be correct? (All statements refer to people represented in the given plots.)

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When analyzing income data, be cautious of how scaling to 2025 prices impacts the interpretation, especially for gender gaps.
Updated On: Sep 4, 2025
  • Average unscaled income of women was about Rs. 15,000 in 2015 in City G.
  • Average unscaled income of women in City G increased by about 120% from 2005 to 2015.
  • Average unscaled income of men in City E increased by about 140% from 2005 to 2015.
  • The unscaled gender gaps reduced in all 10 cities from 2005 to 2015.
  • Average unscaled income for both genders increased in all 10 cities from 2005 to 2015.
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Analyze the data for unscaled incomes.
We check the unscaled income data represented in the plots, noting the percentage changes from 2005 to 2015.
Step 2: Examine the statements for correctness.
Statement (D) is incorrect because the unscaled gender gaps did not reduce in all cities based on the given data.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{(D) The unscaled gender gaps reduced in all 10 cities from 2005 to 2015.}} \]
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