Question

The net water level elevation near the coast arising due to a tropical-cyclone-induced storm is a combination of the following factors ................

• A. astronomical tides, and distant cyclonic storm
• B. wind-induced waves, astronomical tides, and distant cyclonic storm
• C. astronomical tides, coastal currents, and distant cyclonic storm
• D. riverine flow, astronomical tides, and distant cyclonic storm

Hint:

Storm surge = Tides + Wind setup + Cyclone pressure effect. Always include wind-induced waves.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Recall storm surge formation.
Storm surge is the abnormal rise in seawater level during tropical cyclones, primarily due to: - Wind stress on the ocean surface (wind-induced waves). - Astronomical tides (regular gravitational tide). - Pressure drop and distant storm effects.
Step 2: Eliminate wrong options.
- (A) Incorrect → ignores wind-induced waves, which are the main driver of storm surge.
- (C) Incorrect → coastal currents are not the dominant factor in storm surge elevation.
- (D) Incorrect → riverine flow contributes to flooding but not storm surge rise.
Step 3: Confirm correct choice.
The combination is wind-induced waves + astronomical tides + distant cyclonic storm. Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{(B) wind-induced waves, astronomical tides, and distant cyclonic storm}} \]